Meta-Analysis on Energy-Use Patterns of Cropping Systems in Iran

We present a meta-analysis of energy-consumption and environmental-emissions patterns in Iranian cropping systems using data collected from articles published between 2008 2018 for 21 different crops. The results show that the crops consuming most energy per hectare are tomato, sugarcane, cucumber alfalfa, while sunflower consumed least. average total input all Iran during study period was 48,029 MJ ha−1. Our analysis revealed potato has highest potential to reduce consumption electricity fertilizer inputs have savings systems. Not studies reviewed addressed factors create environmental emissions. Therefore, eight indicators were modeled this meta-analysis, which include Total Energy Input, Productivity, Use Efficiency, Net Energy, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Technical Pure Efficiency Scale Efficiency. effects region (which analyzed terms climate), year crop or product type on these meta-regression nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test. To comprehensive picture roadmap future research, process agricultural-systems cycle is discussed. This review can be used as guide provide useful information researchers working dynamics agricultural systems, especially Iran, making their choices types regions need study.